Avenue du XVe corps

The towns of Fréjus, Toulon, Nice and Saint-Raphaël, to name but a few, have an avenue du XVe corps.
But what is this regiment, and why has it given its name to so many avenues?
August 3, 1914: the declaration of war between France and Germany. The Grand Quartier Général, still dreaming of sabre-rattling assaults on horseback, declared an "all-out attack" against an enemy who, since 1870, had had time to prepare solidly on the borders of Alsace and Lorraine, equipped with the latest weapons available at the time.
From August 20 onwards, the latest generation of German Maschinengewehr 08 (MG 08) machine guns were pummeling the French troops equipped with Lebel rifles dating back to 1886. Despite their bravery, the Poilus retreated, but it became clear that this strategy had been a total failure, and of course a scapegoat had to be found, not the incompetence of the General Staff.
IT'S TIME TO SET AN EXAMPLE
On August 24th, the newspaper "Le Matin" published an article by Auguste Gervais, presumably written by War Minister Alexandre Millerand. "A division of the XV Corps, made up of contingents from Antibes, Toulon, Marseille, Aix and Nîmes, has given up on the enemy. The entire advance we had taken (.........) was lost (..........) despite the efforts of the other corps taking part in the operation, whose conduct was beyond reproach. The failure of the XV Corps led to a retreat along the entire line. The Minister of War (........) has ordered immediate and merciless measures of repression... To the public admission of the unforgivable weakness of the troops of amiable Provence, surprised by the terrifying effects of the battle and caught in a sudden panic, will be added the rigor of military punishment... "
The XV Corps affair was born.
The humiliation of an entire population was compounded by executions as an example, rejection of Provençal soldiers, refusal to care for the wounded and severe bullying. The rehabilitation of the XV Corps and the subsequent amends did nothing to erase the effects of the prevailing anti-Southern racism. Boulevards, squares and avenues in several towns in the Midi region perpetuate the memory of this Fifteenth Army Corps, accused of cowardice at the start of the war for the sole reason that it was made up of Provençals and Corsicans. Provence was stunned, torn between grief and indignation. Despite the official rehabilitation of Soldat Odde, who was shot as an example to others, the wound will remain open for a long time to come.
Private Odde
Auguste Odde was born on November 29, 1892 in Six-Fours (Var) and executed on September 19, 1914, unjustly charged by a military tribunal with voluntary mutilation following a "rapid and arbitrary" diagnosis.
Wounded on September 8, Auguste Odde is examined in a barn by Major Cathoire. The doctor was asked to identify possible voluntary mutilated soldiers. Auguste Odde and seven of his comrades, all members of the XV Corps, were referred to the Conseil de Guerre. On September 18, six soldiers, including Auguste Odde, were condemned to death for abandoning their post in the presence of the enemy as a result of voluntary mutilation. The judgment was overturned on August 7, 1917, and on September 12, 1918, the Supreme Court rehabilitated the soldiers Odde and Tomasini. The Supreme Court recognized, according to the testimonies of soldier Odde's comrades,

"that this soldier deserved nothing but congratulations on his general manner of service; that he was an excellent soldier, highly disciplined, had always had a fine attitude to fire and had made himself conspicuous by his bravery and coolness [...], that Odde was a very brave and courageous liaison officer, whose attitude to fire had been superb until the day he was wounded".
André Neyton wrote and directed "La légende Noire du soldat O" at the Théâtre de la Méditerranée.

Many shot for example
Of course, Auguste Odde was not the only soldier to fall victim to his comrades' bullets during the Great War. Many other soldiers suffered the same fate, notably during what history will remember as "the mutinies of 1917". We all remember the fate of Lucien Bersot, a man from Bisontin who was shot as an example on the false charge of "deserting the enemy", because he refused to wear a pair of bloody, muddy pants salvaged from a corpse. France was slow to recognize the iniquity of these murders. It wasn't until 70 years later, and then Prime Minister Lionel Jospin's speech at Craonne in 1998, that these men were rehabilitated.
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